Open Bible Translation / Ruth 4

Ruth 4 · review

For each verse: the current text and its status, the translator's notes, the original Hebrew (tap any word for its root and meaning), the Berean Standard Bible as a reference, the automatic checks, and the full history.

1. 4:1Draft

   Boaz went up to the town gate and took a seat there. Just then the family redeemer he had spoken about was passing by. Boaz said, "Come over here, So-and-so, and sit down." He came over and sat down.

   • Meaning: "So-and-so" (peloni almoni): the narrator leaves the man unnamed.

   וּבֹ֨עַזעָלָ֣ההַשַּׁעַר֮וַיֵּ֣שֶׁבשָׁם֒וְהִנֵּ֨ההַגֹּאֵ֤לעֹבֵר֙אֲשֶׁ֣רדִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַזוַיֹּ֛אמֶרס֥וּרָהשְׁבָה־פֹּ֖הפְּלֹנִ֣יאַלְמֹנִ֑יוַיָּ֖סַרוַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃

   BSB: Meanwhile, Boaz went to the gate and sat down there. Soon the kinsman-redeemer of whom he had spoken came along, and Boaz said, “Come over here, my friend, and sit down.” So he went over and sat down.

   • Noteshared wording: 9 words in a row identical to World English Bible: «and sit down he came over and sat down» (public domain — allowed).
   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Boaz went up to the town gate and took a seat there. Just then the family redeemer he had spoken about was passing by. Boaz said, "Come over here, So-and-so, and sit down." He came over and sat down.
2. 4:2Draft

   Boaz also gathered ten of the town's elders and asked them to be seated, and they sat down.

   וַיִּקַּ֞חעֲשָׂרָ֧האֲנָשִׁ֛יםמִזִּקְנֵ֥יהָעִ֖ירוַיֹּ֣אמֶרשְׁבוּ־פֹ֑הוַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃

   BSB: Then Boaz took ten of the elders of the city and said, “Sit here,” and they did so.

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Boaz also gathered ten of the town's elders and asked them to be seated, and they sat down.
3. 4:3Draft

   Then he said to the family redeemer, "Naomi, back from the fields of Moab, is putting up for sale the piece of land that belonged to our brother Elimelech.

   • Alternative: "our brother": our relative.

   וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙לַגֹּאֵ֔לחֶלְקַת֙הַשָּׂדֶ֔האֲשֶׁ֥רלְאָחִ֖ינוּלֶאֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְמָכְרָ֣הנָעֳמִ֔יהַשָּׁ֖בָהמִשְּׂדֵ֥המוֹאָֽב׃

   BSB: And he said to the kinsman-redeemer, “Naomi, who has returned from the land of Moab, is selling the piece of land that belonged to our brother Elimelech.

   • Noteshared wording: 10 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «the piece of land that belonged to our brother elimelech» (public domain — allowed).
   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Then he said to the family redeemer, "Naomi, back from the fields of Moab, is putting up for sale the piece of land that belonged to our brother Elimelech.
4. 4:4Draft

   I wanted to bring it to your attention: buy it in front of the men seated here and the elders of my people. If you mean to redeem it, do so. If not, tell me so I know—for the right of redemption is yours first, and mine after yours." "I will redeem it," he said.

   וַאֲנִ֨יאָמַ֜רְתִּיאֶגְלֶ֧האָזְנְךָ֣לֵאמֹ֗רקְ֠נֵהנֶ֥גֶדהַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮וְנֶ֣גֶדזִקְנֵ֣יעַמִּי֒אִם־תִּגְאַל֙גְּאָ֔לוְאִם־לֹ֨איִגְאַ֜להַגִּ֣ידָהלִּ֗יכִּ֣יאֵ֤יןזוּלָֽתְךָ֙לִגְא֔וֹלוְאָנֹכִ֖יאַחֲרֶ֑יךָוַיֹּ֖אמֶראָנֹכִ֥יאֶגְאָֽל׃

   BSB: I thought I should inform you that you may buy it back in the presence of those seated here and in the presence of the elders of my people. If you want to redeem it, do so. But if you will not redeem it, tell me so I may know, because there is no one but you to redeem it, and I am next after you.” “I will redeem it,” he replied.

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026I wanted to bring it to your attention: buy it in front of the men seated here and the elders of my people. If you mean to redeem it, do so. If not, tell me so I know—for the right of redemption is yours first, and mine after yours." "I will redeem it," he said.
5. 4:5Draft

   Boaz said, "The day you buy the field from Naomi, you also acquire Ruth the Moabite, the dead man's widow, so that the dead man's name stays with his land."

   • Text: The written Hebrew reads "I acquire"; the traditional reading (qere) is "you acquire," which we follow.

   וַיֹּ֣אמֶרבֹּ֔עַזבְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ֥הַשָּׂדֶ֖המִיַּ֣דנָעֳמִ֑יוּ֠מֵאֵתר֣וּתהַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤האֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת֙לְהָקִ֥יםשֵׁם־הַמֵּ֖תעַל־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃

   BSB: Then Boaz said, “On the day you buy the land from Naomi and also from Ruth the Moabitess, you must also acquire the widow of the deceased in order to raise up the name of the deceased on his inheritance.”

   • Checkcompared with BSB · on an earlier version: The draft says 'you are also taking on Ruth' which is less precise than the Hebrew and BSB's 'you must also acquire.' The Hebrew verb קָנָה (qanah) means 'acquire/buy,' and the context is a legal transaction. 'Taking on' softens the legal force of the language.
   • Checkcompared with BSB: The draft says 'you are also taking on Ruth' which is less precise than the Hebrew and BSB's 'you must also acquire.' The Hebrew verb קָנָה (qanah) means 'acquire/buy,' and the context is a legal transaction. 'Taking on' softens the legal force of the language.
   History · 2 entries

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Boaz said, "The day you buy the field from Naomi, you are also taking on Ruth the Moabite, the dead man's widow, so that the dead man's name stays with his land."
   2. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 21, 2026«"acquire" keeps the legal force of the Hebrew קָנָה (to acquire, buy); "taking on" softened it. Flagged by the BSB comparison.»Boaz said, "The day you buy the field from Naomi, you also acquire Ruth the Moabite, the dead man's widow, so that the dead man's name stays with his land."
6. 4:6Draft

   "In that case I can't redeem it," the family redeemer replied, "or I would put my own estate at risk. You redeem it—take over my right—because I am unable to."

   וַיֹּ֣אמֶרהַגֹּאֵ֗ללֹ֤אאוּכַל֙־לִ֔יפֶּן־אַשְׁחִ֖יתאֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑יגְּאַל־לְךָ֤אַתָּה֙אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔יכִּ֥ילֹא־אוּכַ֖ללִגְאֹֽל׃

   BSB: The kinsman-redeemer replied, “I cannot redeem it myself, or I would jeopardize my own inheritance. Take my right of redemption, because I cannot redeem it.”

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026"In that case I can't redeem it," the family redeemer replied, "or I would put my own estate at risk. You redeem it—take over my right—because I am unable to."
7. 4:7Draft

   In earlier times in Israel, to settle any matter of redemption or exchange, a man would take off his sandal and hand it to the other party. That was how an agreement was made binding in Israel.

   וְזֹאת֩לְפָנִ֨יםבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לעַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤הוְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙לְקַיֵּ֣םכָּל־דָּבָ֔רשָׁלַ֥ףאִ֛ישׁנַעֲל֖וֹוְנָתַ֣ןלְרֵעֵ֑הוּוְזֹ֥אתהַתְּעוּדָ֖הבְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

   BSB: Now in former times in Israel, concerning the redemption or exchange of property, to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party, and this was a confirmation in Israel.

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026In earlier times in Israel, to settle any matter of redemption or exchange, a man would take off his sandal and hand it to the other party. That was how an agreement was made binding in Israel.
8. 4:8Draft

   So the family redeemer said to Boaz, "Buy it yourself," and he took off his sandal.

   וַיֹּ֧אמֶרהַגֹּאֵ֛ללְבֹ֖עַזקְנֵה־לָ֑ךְוַיִּשְׁלֹ֖ףנַעֲלֽוֹ׃

   BSB: So the kinsman-redeemer removed his sandal and said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself.”

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026So the family redeemer said to Boaz, "Buy it yourself," and he took off his sandal.
9. 4:9Draft

   Boaz then addressed the elders and all the people: "Today you are witnesses that I have acquired from Naomi everything that belonged to Elimelech and everything that belonged to Chilion and Mahlon.

   וַיֹּאמֶר֩בֹּ֨עַזלַזְּקֵנִ֜יםוְכָל־הָעָ֗םעֵדִ֤יםאַתֶּם֙הַיּ֔וֹםכִּ֤יקָנִ֨יתִי֙אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣רלֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְוְאֵ֛תכָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥רלְכִלְי֖וֹןוּמַחְל֑וֹןמִיַּ֖דנָעֳמִֽי׃

   BSB: At this, Boaz said to the elders and all the people, “You are witnesses today that I am buying from Naomi all that belonged to Elimelech, Chilion, and Mahlon.

   History · 1 entry

   1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Boaz then addressed the elders and all the people: "Today you are witnesses that I have acquired from Naomi everything that belonged to Elimelech and everything that belonged to Chilion and Mahlon.
10. 4:10Draft

    I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite, Mahlon's widow, to be my wife, so that the dead man's name stays with his land and does not vanish from his family or from the gate of his hometown. Today you are witnesses."

    וְגַ֣םאֶת־ר֣וּתהַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩אֵ֨שֶׁתמַחְל֜וֹןקָנִ֧יתִילִ֣ילְאִשָּׁ֗הלְהָקִ֤יםשֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹוְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧תשֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛תמֵעִ֥םאֶחָ֖יווּמִשַּׁ֣עַרמְקוֹמ֑וֹעֵדִ֥יםאַתֶּ֖םהַיּֽוֹם׃

    BSB: Moreover, I have acquired Ruth the Moabitess, Mahlon’s widow, as my wife, to raise up the name of the deceased through his inheritance, so that his name will not disappear from among his brothers or from the gate of his home. You are witnesses today.”

    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite, Mahlon's widow, to be my wife, so that the dead man's name stays with his land and does not vanish from his family or from the gate of his hometown. Today you are witnesses."
11. 4:11Draft

    All the people at the gate, and the elders, answered, "We are witnesses! The woman entering your home—may the LORD make her like Rachel and Leah, the two who built up Israel's household. May you show your worth in Ephrathah and make a name in Bethlehem.

    • Alternative: "show your worth": also "prosper"; it is the same word as in 2:1 and 3:11.

    וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּכָּל־הָעָ֧םאֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַרוְהַזְּקֵנִ֖יםעֵדִ֑יםיִתֵּן֩יְהוָ֨האֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ההַבָּאָ֣האֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָכְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀וּכְלֵאָה֙אֲשֶׁ֨רבָּנ֤וּשְׁתֵּיהֶם֙אֶת־בֵּ֣יתיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לוַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִלבְּאֶפְרָ֔תָהוּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖םבְּבֵ֥יתלָֽחֶם׃

    BSB: “We are witnesses,” said the elders and all the people at the gate. “May the LORD make the woman entering your home like Rachel and Leah, who together built up the house of Israel. May you be prosperous in Ephrathah and famous in Bethlehem.

    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026All the people at the gate, and the elders, answered, "We are witnesses! The woman entering your home—may the LORD make her like Rachel and Leah, the two who built up Israel's household. May you show your worth in Ephrathah and make a name in Bethlehem.
12. 4:12Draft

    Through the children the LORD gives you by this young woman, may your family become like that of Perez, the son Tamar bore to Judah."

    וִיהִ֤יבֵֽיתְךָ֙כְּבֵ֣יתפֶּ֔רֶץאֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥התָמָ֖רלִֽיהוּדָ֑המִן־הַזֶּ֗רַעאֲשֶׁ֨ריִתֵּ֤ןיְהוָה֙לְךָ֔מִן־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ההַזֹּֽאת׃

    BSB: And may your house become like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, because of the offspring the LORD will give you by this young woman.”

    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Through the children the LORD gives you by this young woman, may your family become like that of Perez, the son Tamar bore to Judah."
13. 4:13Draft

    So Boaz took Ruth home as his wife. He lay with her, the LORD let her conceive, and she gave birth to a son.

    וַיִּקַּ֨חבֹּ֤עַזאֶת־רוּת֙וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹלְאִשָּׁ֔הוַיָּבֹ֖אאֵלֶ֑יהָוַיִּתֵּ֨ןיְהוָ֥הלָ֛הּהֵרָי֖וֹןוַתֵּ֥לֶדבֵּֽן׃

    BSB: So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife. And when he had relations with her, the LORD enabled her to conceive, and she gave birth to a son.

    • Noteshared wording: 8 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «conceive and she gave birth to a son» (public domain — allowed).
    • Notecompared with BSB: Draft adds 'home' (Boaz took Ruth home as his wife), which is not in the Hebrew text. The Hebrew simply says 'took Ruth and she became his wife.' This is interpretive but not a major issue.
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026So Boaz took Ruth home as his wife. He lay with her, the LORD let her conceive, and she gave birth to a son.
14. 4:14Draft

    The women told Naomi, "Praise the LORD, who today has not left you without a family redeemer! May his name be celebrated throughout Israel.

    • Alternative: "his name" may refer to the child or to the LORD.

    וַתֹּאמַ֤רְנָההַנָּשִׁים֙אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֔יבָּר֣וּךְיְהוָ֔האֲ֠שֶׁרלֹ֣אהִשְׁבִּ֥יתלָ֛ךְגֹּאֵ֖להַיּ֑וֹםוְיִקָּרֵ֥אשְׁמ֖וֹבְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

    BSB: Then the women said to Naomi, “Blessed be the LORD, who has not left you this day without a kinsman-redeemer. May his name become famous in Israel.

    • Notecompared with BSB: Draft translates גֹּאֵל as 'family redeemer' where BSB has 'kinsman-redeemer.' Both are valid translations of the Hebrew term. 'Celebrated' for יִקָּרֵא שְׁמוֹ (his name be called/proclaimed) is more interpretive than BSB's 'become famous,' but captures the meaning.
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026The women told Naomi, "Praise the LORD, who today has not left you without a family redeemer! May his name be celebrated throughout Israel.
15. 4:15Draft

    He will bring you back to life and care for you when you are old. Your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is worth more to you than seven sons, has borne him."

    • Meaning: "bring you back to life" uses the verb "return" that runs through chapter 1.

    וְהָ֤יָהלָךְ֙לְמֵשִׁ֣יבנֶ֔פֶשׁוּלְכַלְכֵּ֖לאֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְכִּ֣יכַלָּתֵ֤ךְאֲֽשֶׁר־אֲהֵבַ֨תֶךְ֙יְלָדַ֔תּוּאֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ט֣וֹבָהלָ֔ךְמִשִּׁבְעָ֖הבָּנִֽים׃

    BSB: He will renew your life and sustain you in your old age. For your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is better to you than seven sons, has given him birth.”

    • Checkcompared with BSB · on an earlier version: Draft says 'is his mother' where the Hebrew יְלָדַתּוּ means 'she bore him' or 'has given him birth.' The draft changes the structure from 'your daughter-in-law...has given him birth' to 'your daughter-in-law...is his mother.' While true in meaning, this is a significant restructuring that loses the active verb and connection to the birth event just described.
    • Checkcompared with BSB: Draft says 'is his mother' where the Hebrew יְלָדַתּוּ means 'she bore him' or 'has given him birth.' The draft changes the structure from 'your daughter-in-law...has given him birth' to 'your daughter-in-law...is his mother.' While true in meaning, this is a significant restructuring that loses the active verb and connection to the birth event just described.
    • Noteshared wording · on an earlier version: 9 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «your daughter in law who loves you and is» (public domain — allowed).
    • Noteshared wording: 9 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «your daughter in law who loves you and is» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 2 entries

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026He will bring you back to life and care for you when you are old. Your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is worth more to you than seven sons, is his mother."
    2. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 21, 2026«Restores the Hebrew verb יְלָדַתּוּ ("she bore him") instead of restating it as "is his mother". Flagged by the BSB comparison.»He will bring you back to life and care for you when you are old. Your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is worth more to you than seven sons, has borne him."
16. 4:16Draft

    Naomi took the child in her arms, held him on her lap, and became the one who cared for him.

    וַתִּקַּ֨חנָעֳמִ֤יאֶת־הַיֶּ֨לֶד֙וַתְּשִׁתֵ֣הוּבְחֵיקָ֔הּוַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹלְאֹמֶֽנֶת׃

    BSB: And Naomi took the child, placed him on her lap, and became a nurse to him.

    • Notecompared with BSB: Draft expands 'took the child' to 'took the child in her arms' and translates אֹמֶנֶת as 'the one who cared for him' where BSB has 'nurse.' The Hebrew root אמן can mean nurse/foster-parent/caretaker, so both are defensible.
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Naomi took the child in her arms, held him on her lap, and became the one who cared for him.
17. 4:17Draft

    The women of the neighborhood named him. "Naomi has a son!" they said, and they called him Obed. He became the father of Jesse, who was the father of David.

    • Meaning: Obed: "servant," "one who serves."

    וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ל֨וֹהַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹתשֵׁם֙לֵאמֹ֔ריֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ןלְנָעֳמִ֑יוַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽהשְׁמוֹ֙עוֹבֵ֔דה֥וּאאֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖יאֲבִ֥ידָוִֽד׃

    BSB: The neighbor women said, “A son has been born to Naomi,” and they named him Obed. He became the father of Jesse, the father of David.

    • Noteshared wording: 8 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «him obed he became the father of jesse» (public domain — allowed).
    • Notecompared with BSB: Draft says 'The women of the neighborhood named him. "Naomi has a son!" they said' where the Hebrew more literally reads 'The neighbor women called/proclaimed a name to him, saying, "A son has been born to Naomi."' The draft restructures but captures the essential meaning.
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026The women of the neighborhood named him. "Naomi has a son!" they said, and they called him Obed. He became the father of Jesse, who was the father of David.
18. 4:18Draft

    This is the family line of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron,

    וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙תּוֹלְד֣וֹתפָּ֔רֶץפֶּ֖רֶץהוֹלִ֥ידאֶת־חֶצְרֽוֹן׃

    BSB: Now these are the generations of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron,

    • Noteshared wording: 8 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «of perez perez was the father of hezron» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026This is the family line of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron,
19. 4:19Draft

    Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab,

    וְחֶצְרוֹן֙הוֹלִ֣ידאֶת־רָ֔םוְרָ֖םהוֹלִ֥ידאֶת־עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃

    BSB: Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab,

    • Noteshared wording: 12 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «hezron was the father of ram ram was the father of amminadab» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab,
20. 4:20Draft

    Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, Nahshon was the father of Salmon,

    וְעַמִּֽינָדָב֙הוֹלִ֣ידאֶת־נַחְשׁ֔וֹןוְנַחְשׁ֖וֹןהוֹלִ֥ידאֶת־שַׂלְמָֽה׃

    BSB: Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, Nahshon was the father of Salmon,

    • Noteshared wording: 12 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «amminadab was the father of nahshon nahshon was the father of salmon» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, Nahshon was the father of Salmon,
21. 4:21Draft

    Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed,

    וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙הוֹלִ֣ידאֶת־בֹּ֔עַזוּבֹ֖עַזהוֹלִ֥ידאֶת־עוֹבֵֽד׃

    BSB: Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed,

    • Noteshared wording: 12 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «salmon was the father of boaz boaz was the father of obed» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed,
22. 4:22Draft

    Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse was the father of David.

    וְעֹבֵד֙הוֹלִ֣ידאֶת־יִשָׁ֔יוְיִשַׁ֖יהוֹלִ֥ידאֶת־דָּוִֽד׃

    BSB: Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse was the father of David.

    • Noteshared wording: 13 words in a row identical to Berean Standard Bible: «obed was the father of jesse and jesse was the father of david» (public domain — allowed).
    History · 1 entry

    1. AI draft · AI (claude-opus-5-5) · Oct 20, 2026Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse was the father of David.

Ruth: Hebrew text from the Leningrad Codex (public domain); English reference: Berean Standard Bible (public domain).